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The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague),[1] but recently attributed by some to other diseases. The pandemic is thought to have begun in Central Asia or India,and spread to Europe during the 1340s.[2] [3][4] The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 75 million people,[5] approximately 25â50 million of which occurred in Europe.[6][7][8] The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population.[9][10][11] It may have reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 1400.[12]